It maintains, in particular, that the policy pursued by "a number of leading countries, aimed at achieving military supremacy, primarily in nuclear forces," poses a threat to Russia's security.
It also states that other threats include non-compliance by certain countries with arms control agreements, as well as actions that destabilize civilian and military command and control systems.
The full text of the strategy was published on the official website of the Russian Security Council.
In an interview with the Izvestia daily, Security Council head Nikolai Patrushev said Russia's national security can be ensured by "achieving an array of strategic national priorities," including the country's sustained development and its evolution as "a competitive state" with a hi-tech industry, a modern defense capability, and "decent living standards."
In this context, he said Russia rejects NATO military expansion plans and attempts to grant the military alliance a global role.
Russia is ready to build relations with NATO and the United States on the basis of equality and respect for international law, he said.
The document also says that global environmental and energy security are key ingredients of Russia's national security.