"Party members voted unanimously for Kadyrov as head of the regional branch at a meeting in Gudermes [the second largest city in the breakaway republic]," Kadyrov's press office said Wednesday.
Kadyrov is the son of Akhmad Kadyrov, the Chechen president killed in a bomb attack in the capital of Grozny in 2004.
"This is a great responsibility for me, as the party enjoys great authority, popularity, and broad support in Chechnya," the acting premier said.
He said the recent parliamentary elections showed that people appreciated the party's activities.
The Kremlin-backed United Russia party won a landslide victory at the November 27 parliamentary elections in Chechnya, which were seen as Moscow's attempt to bring order to the war-torn republic.
United Russia took 33 out of 58 seats in the legislature. The Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe (PACE) questioned the correctness of the election results, and human rights activists said the official figure of a 60% voter turnout was not true.
"I intend to continue the course pursued by United Russia members, aimed at improving life in the republic," Kadyrov said.