Yury Sharandin, the chairman of the Federation Council's constitutional legislation committee, said State Duma deputies who broke this rule would be stripped of their seats.
However, factions can still admit MPs elected as independent candidates.
"This law will strengthen the multi-party system and raise the role of parties in the country's political life," Sharandin said.
In the next parliamentary elections in 2007, Duma members will only be elected from party lists, whereas in the past a mixed system of lists and single-mandate constituencies had been used.
The Federation Council also endorsed a law removing the "against all" option from ballot papers in elections to all levels.
The document comes into force from the day of its official publication and will not cover any elections scheduled before the day it comes into force.
Experts have said the decision to remove the "against all" option from ballot papers is needed to raise the political awareness of voters and make candidates and political parties more responsible during campaigning.
