Prosecutors said Konstantin Meshcheryakov, co-owner of a small Moscow-based bank, Spetssetroibank, was shot dead late Tuesday outside his apartment building in northern Moscow. An unidentified gunman shot him in the back at point-blank range, and then in the head after the banker fell.
"Investigators are considering all possible motives, including those linked to the victim's professional activities," a spokesperson said.
Meshcheryakov is the third Russian banker to be killed in three months.
Alexander Plokhin, the director of a Moscow branch of Russia's state-owned foreign trade bank Vneshtorgbank was shot in the head on the staircase of his apartment building in mid-October.
Andrei Kozlov, first deputy chairman of the Central Bank of Russia who led the CBR's effort to close down dozens of banks for violations of banking legislation, particularly on money laundering, died in September after gunmen opened fire on him with semi-automatic weapons.
President Vladimir Putin earlier ordered officials to crack down on crime in the sector.
Contract killings in Russia were frequent in the 1990s as gangsters sought to take control of lucrative assets in various fields; however, the murder of the Central Bank's deputy head was the most high profile since that time.