The court in Chita, West Siberia, dismissed the case against Father Sergiy Taratukhin for lack of evidence.
The picket organizer, local woman Marina Savateyeva, was initially fined 1000 rubles ($38.45), but following an appeal the fine was overturned.
A picket in support of Khodorkovsky was staged in Chita on February 8. Although it was supposed to be a one-man picket, which did not require an official permit from the local mayor, the police said four people had taken part. A criminal case was launched against all the four.
Khodorkovsky, who is serving an eight-year sentence in East Siberia for fraud and tax evasion, was charged with money laundering February 5. In mid-December he and his partner Platon Lebedev were transferred to a pre-trial investigation center near the city of Chita at the demand of the Prosecutor General's Office.
The Prosecutor General's Office is now accusing Khodorkovsky and Lebedev of stealing $32-billion-worth of oil from Samaraneftegaz, Yuganskneftegaz and Tomskneft in 1998-2003, which the two businessmen allegedly documented as "oil-well liquid."
Khodorkovsky, who acquired oil assets through controversial privatization deals in the early-1990s, has insisted his prosecution was orchestrated by the authorities to silence his criticism of President Vladimir Putin and as part of a campaign to bring mineral assets under Kremlin control.
