The disturbance, which began late on Tuesday and lasted for over an hour, also left five wardens and nine prisoners wounded. The reason for the incident has not yet been specified.
Living conditions in Russian prison and correctional facilities have been known to be very poor, with inmates and detainees often forced to take turns sleeping in overcrowded cells.
During the riot, a group of detainees tried to break through the fence, but the officer on duty opened fire, killing one of the prisoners. The detainees also set fire to the correctional facility's former headquarters.
Officials said the prisoners had made an unsuccessful attempt to seize the weapons room.
The correctional facility, located in Kirovgrad, in the Sverdlovsk Region, holds 470 teenagers.
Eduard Rossel, the governor of the region, said 18 out of the 20 prisoners who escaped during the riot had been tracked down, and promised that the other two would soon be located. He also criticized the actions of wardens and officials during the disturbances, saying if it had not been for police efforts, "500 teenagers would have fled the correctional facility, slaughtering innocent people".
Prosecutors have launched an inquiry into the incident.
