The visit, the first by an Argentine leader in ten years, is expected to mark a breakthrough in bilateral ties and to boost bilateral trade currently standing at $1.4 billion, a five-fold increase since 2003.
The presidents are due to meet on Wednesday to discuss cooperation in IT, biotechnology, nuclear energy and space research.
Kirchner will be accompanied by a group of about 100 business representatives who will discuss investment and business at an economic conference with Russian entrepreneurs.
Argentina is a top exporter in Latin America of meat, fruit, dairy products and wine to Russia.
The two countries could sign an agreement to facilitate or even cancel the visa regime in a bid to encourage business contacts and increase tourist flows, Russia's ambassador to Argentina, Yury Korchagin, earlier said.
The latest visit comes after Medvedev's Latin American tour in November designed to step up ties with and increase influence in the region.
Kirchner will later fly to Brazil to take part in the summit of the South American common market Mercosur.
